Juan Luis Sánchez.20 de Junio. Tomado de Rebelion.
Peridismo humano
Los verdaderos artesanos del balón cobran 3 euros al día
Esa pelota, con la que juegan en el Mundial de Fútbol de Sudáfrica 2010, se llama Jabulani y Casillas dice que es como “un balón de playa”, que pesa demasiado poco, que si le pegas fuerte hace cosas raras en aire.
Jabulani es el nombre comercial elegido por Adidas para el balón oficial del Mundial de Sudáfrica 2010 y en zulú significa regocijo, celebración, alegría. Un concepto sudafricano para una pelota pensada por los ingenieros y los académicos de la Unviersidad de Loughborough, en Inglaterra. “Con únicamente ocho novedosos paneles 3D, sellados térmicamente y por primera vez moldeados esféricamente con goma EVA y poliuretano termoplástico, el balón posee además una redondez de una precisión exacta” dice la nota de prensa que reproducen como autómatas casi todos los medios deportivos del mundo. Todo sofisticación: “la superficie del balón tiene una textura con ranuras desarrollada por Adidas y llamada Grip’n'Groove“.
Lo usa Tshabalala, lo usa Messi, lo usa Casillas aunque se queje, lo usan los ídolos; los niños y no tan niños de todo el mundo quieren hacerse con uno. Por eso Adidas hace réplicas como churros en la ciudad pakistaní de Sialkot, donde los trabajadores fabrican una versión menos sofisticada de esta pelota cada dos horas y media. Si están 12 horas cosiendo les da tiempo a hacer 5 balones. Cobran como máximo 3 euros al día. “El problema del paro es tan grave aquí que los jefes saben que pueden pagarnos muy poco y que no tenemos alternativa”, dice al diario británico The Daily Telegraph un trabajador de una de las manufactureras de Sialkot, donde se concentra buena parte de la fabricación internacional de balones de fútbol.
Un trabajador cose balones en una de las fábricas de Sialkot, Pakistán (Irfan Mirza)
Estos artistas y artesanos del balón no reciben portadas a todo color con titulares épicos y emocionados. Lo que reciben es de 60 a 90 euros al mes que, según Labor Rights Forum, supone la mitad del mínimo que necesita un trabajador en Pakistán para mantener a su familia y darle educación a sus hjos. “Mi marido y yo le hemos tenido que explicar a nuestra hija que no vamos a poder pagarle sus estudios. Ella incluso ha amenazado con suicidarse”, dice Malika, una madre de 36 años que mantiene a duras penas su trabajo en la fábrica. “La persona que hace el balón de Adidas está orgulloso de ello”, dice William Anderson, el jefe de responsabilidad social corporativa de Adidas en la zona. “Ellos no tienen la percepción de que vivan en la pobreza. Le pagamos más de lo que ganarían en la agricultura, por ejemplo”, dice Anderson.
Hoy mismo, en El Corte Inglés, cada réplica del Jabulani se vende por 25€. La gama alta, la pelota que se usa en los partidos del Mundial, se fabrica en China y en la tienda nos cuesta 120€. Adidas tiene como objetivo superar las ganancias producidas durante el Mundial de 2006, de unos 800 millones de dólares.
(Empresa de costura de balones deportivos de todo tipo, en Sialkot (Ch. Khawar))
No es una cuestión sólo de dinero. El trabajo infantil y temporal, los despidos espontáneos, la carga excesiva de trabajo diaria. Como en cualquier empresa de costura masiva, no son raras las lesiones: “los trabajadores pueden perder un dedo si algo va mal con la máquina. O en la fase de pegado y estampado, están expuestos a altas temperaturas y productos químicos tóxicos”. Según Labor Righst Forum, “no hay ni formación ni información sobre accidentes laborales y los derechos que les corresponden”.
Adidas no es la única marca que fabrica en Pakistán, India, China o Tailandia en empresas que tienen la licencia oficial de la FIFA pero que no cumplen los mínimos laborales, según el informe “Missed the Goal for Workers: the Reality of Soccer Ball Stitchers”. Puma, Wilson, Vision, Regent o Capital están entre las marcas que trabajan o compran en las industrias inspeccionadas.
Rebelion. Jabulani: la pelota pensada en Inglaterra, cosida en Pakistán y rematada en Sudáfrica
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